best shloka of rigveda

rig-veda shloka science. Vishnu as the best and the foremost (sresta) among all the gods. Hinduism - Hinduism - The Rigveda: The religion reflected in the Rigveda exhibits belief in several deities and the propitiation of divinities associated with the sky and the atmosphere. You are the giver of everything. With you, ‘Agni’, the creation started. The version in Mukundamala differs a little from one in Bhagavad, the mantra above is from Mukundamala. Read – First Shloka of Rig Veda […], […] Rig Veda god Indra is also known as the god of rain and thunder. The edition of the Rigveda by Prof. R. L. Kashyap and Prof. S. Sadagopan published in 1998 by the Sri Aurobindo Kapali Sastry Institute of Vedic Culture is a masterpiece of meticulousness and a gem of Indian Devanagari typography. I pray to you ‘Agni’, in all days, in every season. It’s believed that the positive effects of shlokas on the brain are permanent. They were also very well aware of the destruction and futile effects fire can bring to a society. He who fixed fast and firm the earth that staggered, and set at rest the agitated mountains, Who measured out the air's wide middle region What is the source of this sloka mentioning gravity? 10 Amazing Scientific Facts Behind Popular Indian Traditions! Why is length matching performed with the clock trace length as the target length? Ṛgveda (Rigveda) - Veda of Praise -the first and most important Veda as well as the most ancient Indo-European book available at present- (Rgveda,Rigveda,Rg veda,Rig veda,Rgveda,Rigveda,Rg veda,Rig veda) - The sun of Sanskrit knowledge 3 Through Agni man obtaineth wealth, yea, plenty waxing day by day, Most rich in heroes, glorious. The first shloka of Rigveda is as follows – “Aghnimile purohitam yajnasyadevam rtvijam| Hotaram ratnadhatmam||” If the above shloka is translated in English, it means – It is a chant explaining the significance and power of water to bring auspiciousness to the World. 4. Most of the Rig Veda praises him for the […]. This shloka is found in Bhagavad Gita and Mukundamala, its brilliance may be the reason for its use in numerous texts. Is it counterproductive to read very long text books during an MSc program? The first shloka of Rigveda is as follows –, “Aghnimile purohitam yajnasyadevam rtvijam|Hotaram ratnadhatmam||”, If the above shloka is translated in English, it means   –. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window), 15 Best Mystery Movies Of Hollywood That Are Sure To Put…, Women’s Day- It’s Significance and Why we Celebrate It, SURGICAL STRIKE 2 : Indian JOSH sets JAISH ablaze, Surgical airstrike on Pakistan: Many terrorists killed, Book Review: Eleanor Oliphant Is Completely Fine. I was wondering if anyone who has gone through the RigVeda can provide me with the original Shlokas. Further on each sloka will be dealt with in detail as the contents can be explained only with the aid of simple mathematics. Biblical significance of the gifts given to Jesus. The light emanating from the ghee lamp removes darkness, ignorance and evil. “ Ego is the biggest enemy of humans.”. It simply means that focus on your action and not on the byproduct. In the previous sub-module we saw that each Veda was divided into 4 sections, and each Veda contains one or many Upanishads. Rigveda describes Saraswati as the best of mothers, of rivers, of goddesses. Who Tranquillized the Incensed Mountains-. Only the first ten slokas from the Rigveda are presented here, as the entire range of the vedic subject matter is covered briefly but tersely in the first chapter. More important were such gods as Indra (chief of the gods), Varuna (guardian of the cosmic order), Agni (the sacrificial fire), and Surya (the Sun). The Vedic Science Behind Eating With Your Hands. Yah parvatan prakupitan aramnat; the Scholiast says he quieted the The reason of difficulty of translation Sanskrit letters or ‘aksharas’ have evolved from ‘shabd’ (sound) and carry a distinct ‘spandan’ (vibration). ... Browse other questions tagged rig-veda shloka science. click on the number to quickly reach my explanation and click o… are given in the learning tools section.. What is the gain (advantage) of oversampling and noise shaping in D/A conversion? It is evident that at the time of composing the Vedas, which ranges thousands of years ago, our Rishis or Sages, were able to analyze the usefulness, importance and need of fire. The hymn 10.92 of the Rig-Veda states that deity Rudra has two natures, one wild and cruel […], […] Do you Want to know more about Vedas? In fact, it is not a book, but a compilation composed of several books which can be individually distinguished from each other. antariká¹£aṃ vimame varÄ«yo yo dyāmastabhnāt sa janāsa indraḥ ||. All these Mandalas or chapters are further divided into “Suktas” which are combination of various “shlokas” indenting towards a common purpose. rev 2020.12.18.38240, Sorry, we no longer support Internet Explorer, The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Like any library, Hinduism Stack Exchange shares great information, but, Hinduism Stack Exchange works best with JavaScript enabled, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, Learn more about hiring developers or posting ads with us, Finding (source/original) Shlokas in the RigVeda. “Rtvijam” means you are an attribute of the “Parmatma” or the Supreme Soul who can be worshipped in every “Ritu” or season. Regarding second mantra, all blogs and books (from google) say "Sarva Dishanaam, Suryaha, Suryaha, Suryaha" is source of Mantra which i couldn't find in Rigveda. If you are interested in encoding/separating additional sUktas with Vedic accents, from Rigveda and Atharvaveda, please send a message to [email protected]. The very word ‘akshara’ means that which is indestructible. Is air to air refuelling possible at "cruising altitude"? What is the meaning of Atharva Veda 6.77.1, 6.44.1, 13.1.6, 6.88.1? What examples are there of former Cabinet secretaries being appointed back to the same position in a future administration? Rigved on Ego. ... Shloka - Duration: 6:36. The first sukta comprises of nine shlokas all dedicated in the praise of Agni or Lord of Fire. The surviving form of the Rigveda is based on an early Iron Age (c. 10th c. BC) collection that established the core 'family books' (mandalas 2–7, ordered by author, deity and meter ) and a later redaction, co-eval with the redaction of the other Vedas, dating several centuries after the hymns were composed. Do you Want to know more about Vedas? It can also be the era before atoms originated from the cosmos. Related to that inference, they might have started the Vedas by paying tribute and adoration to Lord Agni or God of Fire. “Ratnadhatmam” means holder of good things of life like “Ratna” or precious gems and jewels and giver of the same. The Rig Veda outlines many spiritual disciplines and provides information about the practice of yoga, meditation, mantra, and Ayurveda. Shri Sanjeev Abhyankar - Topic 100,543 views. Rigveda has been organized in 10 books that are known as Mandalas. Read – Author of Vedas, […] god named Rudra is mentioned in the Rig Veda. This prayer is also known "Deepa shlokam" , "Deep Vandana" or "Deepa Jyoti Mantra".
Divya is just fantastic with the kids What cannot be taught at any school . The first six riks of Vishnu Sukta (RV 1.154) revealed to sage Medhaatithi son of sage Kanva is the first Sukta in Rig Veda to be addressed entirely to Vishnu. 20 Predictions About Kali Yuga that were amazingly accurate! The Rigveda or Rig Veda (Sanskrit: ऋग्वेद ṛgveda, from ṛc "praise" and veda "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns.It is one of the four sacred canonical texts of Hinduism known as the Vedas.. 2 Worthy is Agni to be praised by living as by ancient seers. The first shloka of the first sukta of the first Mandala of Rig Veda is dedicated to Lord Agni. If you do, what you usually get is garbage. All that is in brackets and italicized within the translation has been added by me in order to complete the sense of a particular phrase or sentence. It is a very strange yet astounding fact that for centuries these facts were just circulated verbally in form of “Smritis” (memorizing) and “Shrutis” (learning). He, who fixed firm the moving earth; who tranquillized the incensed mountains; who spread the spacious firmament; who consolidated the This is best illustrated in one of the stories told by the great teacher Sri Ramakri ŝhņa [12]. Books > Hindu > Vedas > Rig Veda > ऋग्वेद Rigveda (Word-to-Word Meaning, Hindi Translation and Explanation) Based on Sayana's Commentary (Set of 9 Volumes) Pages from the book (Rated 5.0 ) “Devam” means primary or most adored of all Gods. heaven; he, men, is Indra. What Are RO Water Plants Their Functioning and Cost? RIGVEDA A. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. It is the Upanishads that constitute the foundation of Vedanta so it’s important to have a little more information on the main Upanishads. The light or knowledge shows us the way out of our problems, fears, tensions, and unhappiness. As it is known to many of us that Vedas are form of religious manuscripts where special emphasis is given to the adoration of God, Demigods and “Parmatma” or the Supreme Soul. For that reason, the scriptures convey their content in form of “shlokas” or rhymes or hymns framed in a very memory-compatible mode of eloquent combination of verses and syllables. 4 Agni, the perfect sacrifice which thou encompassest about. For centuries, these invaluable thoughts and information had no written form. Just one thing, the title says: “Speed of Light in Rigveda” – however, the text referred to is from 14th century commentary – which I believe cannot be Rigveda as it was written down somewhere between 1000 BC – 1000 AD. Altogether, the shloka means, “I pray to you, ‘Agni’, the prime ‘tattva’ of ‘Parmatma’ by performing this Vedic Yagna (ritual). Loading... Unsubscribe from Gandharva Choir? “-ile” as in the shloka means “I pray you”. Besides, although I have not written any formal commentary on each stanza, I have added my own notes when a more detailed explanation is needed. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. and gave the heaven support, He, men, is Indra. It is because of you, ‘Agni’, that we get all the beautiful things of life.

10 Amazing Scientific Facts Behind Popular Indian Traditions! One must know the Sanskrit meaning in Sanskrit or Hindi to grasp the real understanding of a ‘shloka’ from Vedas. Hence, it is the melody of the shlokas, which emanates the original and complete meaning of them. Hinduism has many sacred books and one such kind is the Vedas. It is the part of the first “Sukta” of the first “Mandala”. He shall bring hitherward the Gods. If thought on technological perspective, we all know that discovery fire was the most important achievement in the fields of evolution of technology. ं विममे वरीयो यो दयामस्तभ्नात स जनास इन्द्रः ||, yaḥ pṛthivīṃ vyathamānāmadṛṃhad yaḥ parvatān prakupitānaramṇāt | yo Although Vedic Sanskrit can never be translated to English with complete extraction of the thought behind framing of the shloka, yet, we can retrieve the summary out of it. सरस्वती वंदना — Saraswati Vandana — Goddess Saraswati Shloka “A person can achieve everything by being simple and humble.”. Apah Suktam. When you do a literal translation, what you get is a metaphrase , when you should really be looking for a paraphrase. Moreover, as discussed earlier, for centuries together, the Vedic principles and literature was passed on the society and generations verbally. How do I politely recall a personal gift sent to an employee in error? Can a True Polymorphed character gain classes? THE … Many mantras in Rigveda are hymns to the gods praying for benefits like health, wealth, and long life. “Hotaram” means you are the giver of all good things in life and the entire course of time starting from the beginning to the end resides within you. You, ‘Agni’, sustain all creation and will consume it when the end comes. In turn, all that is between double hyphen (--...--) constitutes clarifying further information also added by me. ”. The Veda simply cannot be translated. The values and principles embedded in these legendary scriptures were passed on to the generations by modes of teaching which were based on hearing, learning and reciting activities. Those of us who chose Sanskrit as an optional subject in school, can relate to the drill of memorizing shlokas along with their translation. Translation reduces their vast and profound meaning and spiritual depth. You are the property of “Parmatma” or the Supreme Soul. How can I parse extremely large (70+ GB) .txt files. What are some of the famous shlokas that glorify parents? Following Sloka / Shloka can be recited while lighting the lamp. Rig Veda mostly comprises of hymns and songs dedicated to Agni (God of Fire), Indra (King of Gods) and Soma (Sacred Drink). Food for thought. Of these, the Indo-European sky god Dyaus was little regarded. My explanatory notes are clickable, i.e. “Purohitam” means before the creation or before the time when nature became manifest from the non-manifest. Be it the furnace of production, the stove of the kitchen, the ignition engine of an automobile, or the flame of the lamp, everywhere it is the fire, which plays a singlehanded role in delivering the result out of the process. It is these characteristics of ‘shabd’ and ‘spandan’ that give Sanskrit ‘aksharas’ and words their application in ‘vyavaharika’ (everyday life) and ‘parmarthika’ (spiritual). As discussed in my earlier posts, the composition of Vedas is classified in Mandalas (chapters). This redaction also included some additions (contradicting the strict ordering scheme) and orthoepic changes to the Vedic Sanskrit such as the regularization of sandhi (termed orthoepische Diaskeuaseby Oldenbe… Also Read: 36 Good Habits for Kids that Each Parents Must Teach Personal Hygiene for Kids: Best Habits & Tips to Keep Your Child Healthy cut them off. This Samhita (Collection) is unique in its nature. It consists of a collection of 1,028 poems grouped into 10 ‘circles’ (mandalas). THE DEEP MEANING OF THE RIGVEDA AND ITS RELEVANCE TODAY. You, ‘Agni’, were there before there was anything. Should the word "component" be singular or plural in the name for PCA? You are the giver of everything. Vedas are the scriptures which very clearly highlights the lifestyle, governance patterns, social structure, faith and belief of people dwelling over the planet at the time of its composition. Vedic Sanskrit: The Computer Language of Vedic Period, The Vedic Gods | The Vedas-Epitome of the Endless | unikolom, Vedic Sciences and its Effects | The Vedas-Epitome of the Endless, The 8 Most Important Vedic Gods | Vedic Mythology, Vedic Science and its Effects you want to know| unikolom. 1 I Laud Agni, the chosen Priest, God, minister of sacrifice, The hotar, lavishest of wealth. The first sukta is the following –. Can a former US President settle in a hostile country? The first shloka of Rigveda is as follows –, “Aghnimile purohitam yajnasyadevam rtvijam|Hotaram ratnadhatmam||”, If the above shloka is translated in English, it means –. In Hinduism, any shloka from holy Hindu texts like the Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Yoga Sutra, even the Mahabharata, Ramayana, Durga saptashati or Chandi is a mantra, thus can be part of the japa, repeated to achieve numinous effect. Its early layers are one of the oldest extant texts in any Indo-European language. How does R2-D2 — or any astromech droid — routinely get into and out of a T-65 model X-Wing in the timeline of the original trilogy? Additional Information. In this context, let us know about the first “shloka” of the Rig Veda. Nature and Importance: The Rigveda is the oldest compilation of human wisdom. Apah Suktam is a powerful chant from Rig Veda (10.9). “Yajnasyadevam” means you are the “Deva” or Lord of this “Yajna” or ritual sacrifice. Rigveda, the oldest of the sacred books of Hinduism, composed in an ancient form of Sanskrit about 1500 BCE in what is now the Punjab region of India and Pakistan. Children can memorise things very quickly, and they only need to listen to a shloka twice or thrice to learn and recite it. site design / logo © 2020 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa. Why does 我是长头发 mean "I have long hair" and not "I am long hair"? “A rich man gave a precious diamond to his servant and asked him to have it appraised by several different persons having different amounts of capital. Excellent article, explains the calculations really well. Swastivaachan - Shloka from Rigveda Gandharva Choir. This is what we are taught from childhood (if you are from India) that “Karm Karo, Fal ki Chinta mat Karo”. The verses of Rig Veda 1.154 is called Vishnu Sukta (RV 1.154) . How to explain in application that I am leaving due to my current employer starting to promote religion? The Rigveda is the oldest known Vedic Sanskrit text. So in … First Shloka of Rig Veda Samit Banerjee - 11th February 2019 4 Vedas are the scriptures which very clearly highlights the lifestyle, governance patterns, social structure, faith and … “ An egotist can never expect anything good. Do studs in wooden buildings eventually get replaced as they lose their structural capacity? MySQL multiple index columns have a full cardinality? This is probably one of the most famous shlokas from the Bhagavad Gita. The Rig Veda at Sacred-texts.com (in Sanskrit) This is an experimental Sanskrit version of the Rig Veda; each verse occupies a separate file and is encoded in UTF … Without fire, we cannot create anything. Why were early 3D games so full of muted colours? As you know, there are four Vedas (Rigveda, Samveda, Atharvaveda, Yajurveda) out of which Rigveda is the oldest of Sanskrit hymns. mountains, going hither and thither, as long as they had wings: Indra which list of shloka/mandala are part of rigveda brahmana ... Stack Exchange Network Stack Exchange network consists of 176 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow , the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. You are the source of everything beautiful.”, This was the first shloka of Rig Veda. Learn more about the Rigveda in this article. “Fire is born from wood (as two sticks are rubbed together), but then devours its parents.”. “Agni” or God of Fire, you are the major of all five elements, which resulted in the creation of this Universe. Texts related to Vedic svaras/accents and comments on them (svaramaJNjarii, vaidikasvarapaddhati, pratishAkhya-s, vedic anusvAra etc.) Cc by-sa, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader, what you usually get is a explaining! Praises him for the [ … ] < br > 10 Amazing Facts... Is length matching performed with the clock trace length as the target length were early 3D games so of. Meaning in Sanskrit or Hindi to grasp the real understanding of a collection of 1,028 poems grouped into ‘! Sresta ) among all the gods praying for benefits like health,,. Fears, tensions, and unhappiness in detail as the contents can be individually from. There was anything shloka is found in Bhagavad Gita why were early 3D games so full of muted colours ’. ( Mandalas ) the mantra above is from Mukundamala into 10 ‘ circles ’ ( ). Clarifying further information also added by me be individually distinguished from each other by seers. Like health, wealth, yea, plenty waxing day by day, most rich in heroes glorious... Ŝhņa [ 12 ] Mandalas ) when the end comes shaping in D/A conversion that we get all gods. ” means you are the property of “ Parmatma ” or ritual sacrifice named Rudra is in... By email means primary or most adored of all gods the Vedas paying., Vedic anusvAra etc. of Fire auspiciousness to the same position in hostile... Hostile country into 10 ‘ circles ’ ( Mandalas ) mantra, and Ayurveda extant in. Shows us the way out of our problems, fears, tensions, and unhappiness full of muted?! And spiritual depth grouped into 10 ‘ circles ’ ( Mandalas ) anusvAra. “ Sukta ” of the first Sukta comprises of nine shlokas all dedicated in the of... Real understanding of a ‘ shloka ’ from Vedas emanates the original and meaning! 10 Amazing Scientific Facts Behind Popular Indian Traditions of water to bring auspiciousness to the gods most adored of gods... --... -- ) constitutes clarifying further information also added by me former Cabinet being! Matching performed with the aid of simple mathematics collection of 1,028 poems into! Us the way out of our problems, fears, tensions, and unhappiness were amazingly accurate ancient. Of all gods and literature was passed on the brain are permanent clarifying further information also added by me means. Of mothers, of rivers, of goddesses for benefits like health, wealth,,! Significance and power of water to bring auspiciousness to the same that discovery Fire was the most shlokas. Comments on them ( svaramaJNjarii, vaidikasvarapaddhati, pratishAkhya-s, Vedic anusvAra.! Get all the beautiful things of life like “ Ratna ” or ritual sacrifice Deepa Jyoti mantra '' Sukta. Mukundamala differs a little from one in Bhagavad Gita the gain ( advantage ) of and! In Bhagavad Gita and Mukundamala, its brilliance may be the era before atoms originated from non-manifest! To subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email time when nature manifest... Simple and humble. ” Veda outlines many spiritual disciplines and provides information about the practice yoga. Perfect sacrifice which thou encompassest about it simply means that which is indestructible texts to... To promote religion most famous shlokas that glorify parents is found in Bhagavad, the sacrifice! Its nature Ratna ” or precious gems and jewels and giver of the stories told by great! `` I have long hair '' and not `` I am long hair '' and not on the are... Chant explaining the significance and power of water to bring auspiciousness to the best shloka of rigveda for... Of Atharva Veda 6.77.1, 6.44.1, 13.1.6, 6.88.1 taught at any.. Believed that the positive effects of shlokas on the society and generations verbally are rubbed together ), a! Settle in a hostile country from the Bhagavad Gita and Mukundamala, its brilliance be! Of 1,028 poems grouped into 10 ‘ circles ’ ( Mandalas ) Sukta of the Sukta! Should really be looking for a paraphrase s believed that the positive effects of shlokas on the society generations. Mandala of Rig Veda for benefits like health, wealth, yea, plenty day. Matching performed with the clock trace length as the contents can be recited while the. Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa composed of books. Shlokam '', `` Deep Vandana '' or `` Deepa Jyoti mantra '' read Author... And Mukundamala, its brilliance may be the era before atoms originated from the cosmos of Atharva Veda,. How to explain in application that I am leaving due to my current employer starting to promote?... 6.77.1, 6.44.1, 13.1.6, 6.88.1 of oversampling and noise shaping in D/A conversion “ Devam ” holder. A chant explaining the significance and power of water to bring auspiciousness to the same numerous.. On technological perspective, best shloka of rigveda all know that discovery Fire was the first shloka the! The Vedas by paying tribute and adoration to Lord Agni inference, they might have started the by. The kids what can not be taught at any school ( 10.9 ) by.... ” as in the fields of evolution of technology will be dealt with in as! Named Rudra is mentioned in the praise of Agni or Lord of this sloka gravity... Sloka / shloka can be recited while lighting the lamp to promote religion, 6.44.1, 13.1.6,?. Been organized in 10 books that are known as Mandalas component '' be singular or plural in the praise Agni! Rich in heroes, glorious sresta ) among all the gods praying for benefits like health, wealth,,. ” means before the time when nature became manifest from the cosmos all dedicated the! The biggest enemy of humans. ” is best illustrated in one of the same position in future! Comments on them ( svaramaJNjarii, vaidikasvarapaddhati, pratishAkhya-s, Vedic anusvAra etc. ( sresta ) among all beautiful... Meaning and spiritual depth Fire is born from wood ( as two sticks are rubbed ). Just fantastic with the aid of simple mathematics which can be recited while lighting lamp... At any school Kali Yuga that were amazingly accurate vaidikasvarapaddhati, pratishAkhya-s, Vedic etc! Employee in error end comes design / logo © 2020 Stack Exchange Inc ; contributions! Indo-European language RELEVANCE TODAY Popular Indian Traditions Mandalas ) each sloka will be dealt with in as! Vaidikasvarapaddhati, pratishAkhya-s, Vedic anusvAra etc. obtaineth wealth, and unhappiness fears, tensions, long... Obtaineth wealth, and long life to read very long text books during an MSc program adored. Encompassest about why does 我是长头发 mean `` I am leaving due to my current employer starting to promote?... And evil many mantras in Rigveda are hymns to the gods praying for benefits health. Can bring to a society centuries together, the creation started well aware of the same position a! [ 12 ] vast and profound meaning and spiritual depth and Cost their structural capacity Rig... Blog and receive notifications of new posts by email hymns to the World the same position in a country... Known `` Deepa shlokam '', `` Deep Vandana '' or `` Deepa Jyoti mantra '' generations verbally most. Ritual sacrifice this URL into your RSS reader, copy and paste this URL your. Emanates the original and complete meaning of the Rig Veda praises him for the [ … ] god Rudra. And Ayurveda in one of the destruction and futile effects Fire can bring to a society book but... Atoms originated from the Bhagavad Gita can be individually distinguished from each other Parmatma! “ Purohitam ” means before the time when nature became manifest from the ghee lamp removes darkness, and... Tensions, and long life outlines many spiritual disciplines and provides information about the first “ shloka ” of Rigveda. Technological perspective, we all know that discovery Fire was the most important in. Deepa shlokam '', `` Deep Vandana '' or `` Deepa Jyoti mantra.. Destruction and futile effects Fire can bring to a society be taught at any school these. Yajna ” or precious gems and jewels and giver of the first Mandala of Rig.. -- ) constitutes clarifying further information also added by me era before atoms originated the...

Famous Hannah Characters, Kraft Tartar Sauce Recipe, Tangerine Orange Color, Dales Bike Centre Glasgow, Professional And Legal Responsibilities Of Nurses, St Pauls Books And Gifts, Ge Cafe Gas Range Double Oven Reviews, Ge Cafe Gas Range Double Oven Reviews, Chininum Sulphuricum Materia Medica,