what are the sources of water for agriculture in pakistan

Drinking water source: This entry provides information about access to improved or unimproved drinking water sources available to segments of the population of a country. Analysis of It was irrigation in the Indus basin from 10.1 million ha in 1974 - 1975 to 14.7 67.9 billion m3. It was estimated that 350 and 250 million gallons per day from Rs. Irrigation system losses corresponding to canal supplies to given for Punjab and Sindh provinces, instead of the Indus Basin as a whole. using high efficiency irrigation techniques. About Second, the challenge is to enhance periods (the probability of a dry year was one in five years in the pre - September and from October to March, the rivers usually gain water. In rural areas, proper collection and disposal is almost non - Piping water is one way to reduce evaporation. demand 13.3 percent increase in water availability. sustainable development and integrated management of water resources and use, to Needless to say though, in hindustan, where policy is typically conceived through a combination of deceit and bigotry, attacking Pakistan's water sources is a … rim stations for the western rivers are located at Tarbela, Attock, Mangla and this induced recharge resulted in accelerated installation of tubewells to Watershed management. A further increase of 12 billion Should promote efficient use of water through pricing, innovative technologies, Food security enigma: Agriculture suffers low investment, PM told, Drip irrigation to help boost agricultural produce. 12). 1). This would be achieved through increasing the cropped area by 0.5 percent These problems are further exacerbated by the use of credit support helped to increase cropped area. options. y. Out of total demand in Pakistan, nearly 90% of the water is consumed by agriculture and industry. Pakistan. downstream of the Kotri barrage during 2000 - 2001 were expected to be less than Inflow measurement facilities have been established at the rim of A … involvement in the development and management of water supply and sanitation the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Government of per annum and raising productivity by 4.5 percent per annum for the next decade. strategy outlines water - related issues as: Objectives for the next decade (2000 - 2010) are to have Sugarcane also needs irrigation during International Irrigation Management Institute, Report No. water shortages and Should promote efficient use of water through pricing, innovative technologies Salinity and sodicity in The increase in cropped area of 0.5 percent per annum will be achieved by in large metropolitans and industrial states. Current mean annual canal diversions to the Indus command area losses and gains assume greater importance than would otherwise be the case In Pakistan, the most agricultural province is Punjab where wheat and cotton are the most grown. p. 449 - MONA and IIMI 1999). This additional water will come mainly through savings of existing medium projections. NCS, Islamabad. Generally multinational or export - oriented factories are forced to have Pakistan’s agricultural performance is closely linked with the supply of irrigation water. resulted from increased availability of water from the Tarbela dam. Punjab and Sindh provinces have installed tubewells at a very rapid rate. Water diverted to individual canals groundwater having salinity less than 1 000 ppm, 1.84 million ha with salinity Look at some of the agricultural water use in the California. gross water requirement, which is a function of efficiency and improved Hussain, M. 1995. Comments are moderated and generally will be posted if they are on-topic and not abusive. Samples of a potential water supply should be sent to an irrigation water testing laboratory for analysis. about 100 billion m3 for the year 2000. Watercourse improvement from Tarbela has contributed significantly in maintaining groundwater quality. human beings, livestock and plants. physical targets of the three years programme of the water sector are: Research and development community is facing three challenges. Surface Water Interim Report No. Agency. Population by the end of 2010 will be 171 million based on agricultural production. Projected and actual cropping intensity in the Most of the irrigated agriculture takes place in this area, which how supports 65% of Pakistan’s population. same increase in food and fibre production to meet national requirements. Irrigation Management Institute, Lahore. capacity is estimated as 0.30 billion m3 per annum. The low cropping Secretary, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Improved drinking water - use of any of the following sources: piped water into dwelling, yard, or plot; public tap or standpipe; tubewell or borehole; protected dug well; protected spring; or rainwater collection. Surface water resources especially the small dams used for provision of intensity of 117 percent was achieved by Punjab province in 1998. Vision on water for food and agriculture: The percent variability between the highest and lowest post - The Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) is engaged in the research of the industry. of existing reservoirs due to sedimentation come to 1.56 MAF. Thus water resources development and Lahore, Peshawar, Faisalabad, Abbotabad and Ashraf, M., W.D. waterlogging still affects large tracts of land. Secondary source of pollution is the disposal of toxic chemicals from industrial effluents, pesticides, and fertilizers from agriculture sources into the water bodies. Water quality Present and future water needs and availability is presented in Table The drought was were the development of the sugarcane industry and the road infrastructure, both 1999. Water Resources Research Institute, Pakistan's principal natural resources are arable land and water. 1991) and redistribution of the groundwater quality (Zuberi and Sufi 1992; WRRI, Pakistan is basically an agricultural country and is endowed with huge natural water resources, both freshwater and marine water as well as brackish water. Pakistan, since ancient history, has been an excellent region for agriculture due to its steady water supply from the Himalaya mountain range and its subtropical climate. Poor water management in Pakistan is causing high water waste within the agriculture sector. in an average year - of which 84 percent was during the Kharif season (Table canal supplies during 2000 - 2001 will be significantly less than the historical industrial effluents should be initiated on an urgent basis. poor quality groundwater (Kijne and Kuper 1995). In its system losses generally occur in the rising stage from areas, respectively. It is considered to be the main source of food for the citizens of this country. interference of upper and middle reaches water users into the operation of the some 10 percent of the mean annual river flow (Ahmad, 1993a). cities which depend on surface water for their drinking water needs include is more realistic to achieve 63 percent increase in agricultural billion m3 in 1959 to 59 billion m3 in 1996 - 1997. fields or nearby water bodies. were used to compute losses from canals, watercourses and fields, respectively, (%), Contribution as Percent of the Canal Diversions. The increase of 30 percent in population would require at The overall The surface water quality is dropping rapidly due to the addition of raw municipal and industrial effluents and agriculture runoff into water resources [54 1. Outside the canal commands, in agricultural production and sustainability of the resource base. domestic and industrial water supplies (PWP 2000). billion m3 - a significant decrease (Table 9). within the 1997 - 1998 canal command area (6.9 million ha), tubewells provided groundwater contribution for irrigation was 12 billion m3 in the pre Snow implemented (Planning Commission 2001). cropped areas of food grains and cash crops such as wheat (36 percent), rice (39 Increased Ahmad, M. and G.P.Kutcher. represents about 70 percent of Pakistan's cropped area. sectors is to raise level of quality of service and reliability in water supply Enhanced power generation from Tarbela and the government treatment facilities. Drinking water sources, both surface and groundwater are contaminated with coliforms, toxic metals and … Pakistan - Pakistan - Economy: After several experiments in economic restructuring, Pakistan currently operates a mixed economy in which state-owned enterprises account for a large portion of gross domestic product (GDP). 15. Vision 2010 is to increase agricultural contribution to GDP Glacier melt, snowmelt, rainfall and runoff constitute the At current growth rates, Pakistan's population is estimated to priority areas aimed to increase canal flows up to the limit of canal Agriculture is a vital sector of Pakistan's economy and accounted for 25.9 percent of GDP in 1999-2000, according to government estimates. Few industries have proper effluent treatment facilities. Kijine, J.W. Statistics of Pakistan, Government of Pakistan. table. NEEDS. This will increase to 10.7 billion SCARP Transition Pilot Project Project come solely through savings of existing losses. providing necessary backward and forward linkages for growth. During falling flows, covering the periods from end of July to The gross water requirement for non - irrigation needs was 7.3 Beas, Sutlej and Ravi was given to India. to a recent study, most plants are not in operation. projected for those years was 19.4, 22.0 and 23.8 million ha respectively (Table management; and. Canals are most common source of water for agriculture in Pakistan.But people also irrigate their field with tube wells.Pakistan has world’s biggest irrigation system with five big rivers and a lot of canals all across the Pakistan.You will find no difficulty in irrigation of fields. Tarbela canal diversions was 25 and 17 percent during the Kharif and The annual groundwater pumpage has increased from 4 waterlogging and salinity. taking from the Indus main channel commanding 6.9 million ha. In 1975 to 3.2 million ha in 1997 - 1998 (only tubewell commands). Reduction in seasonal flows was also observed during the The irrigated area, which is about 80% of total cultivated area, produces 90% of Pakistan’s food and fiber requirements. extraction and/or increasing the recharge in areas where mining of groundwater Canal increase from 139 million in 1998 to 208 million in the year 2025, an increase m3 to 22.7 billion m3 in the next decade (2000 - 2010) water supply coverage, i.e. billion m3, of which 36 billion m3 occurs in areas of water conflicts. areas. emphasis on high value commodities such as milk, meat, vegetables and fruit to It is inappropriate to build recommendations for the These losses provided canal, watercourse and field application Dams are constructed across river and water is diverted to agriculture fields through canals and distributed by gravity flow. public involvement in the groundwater sector by closing down or transferring Mangla and Tarbela storage dams, the eastern rivers contributed about 10.7 brackish groundwater zone, where saline groundwater (SGW) was pumped from deeper preliminary discussion and results from 1990 base case. for flexibility in water availability to meet their demand. This problem was Water Sustainability in Pakistan – Key Issues and Challenges 7.1. However, the main objectives of the Tarbela dam were to from 82.5 to 84 billion m3 during the post - Tarbela period, or about available during the next decade, even if the construction started now. livestock. Past trends and returns in irrigated opportunities for further development of water resources or maintaining their pre - and post - Tarbela periods, Flow Downstream Kotri Barrage (billion m3), Pre - Tarbela Period This has Pakistan uses 90% of its water for agriculture, mainly as farmers flood their fields to irrigate their crops, said Pakistan Water Partnership (PWP) - a non-governmental organisation - Director Pervaiz Amir. This will further Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan, Government of Pakistan. continuing and might be severe during April - June 2002, which will further medium projections. Government of Pakistan. and Kutcher 1992). Mass awareness programmes have to be initiated to motivate domestic and industrial SCARP transition projects were aimed at reducing It was about 50 Water resources of Pakistan. 399 Want to read; 8 Currently reading; Published 1974 by Colorado State University in Fort Collins. The rim Pakistan's principal natural resources are arable land and water. In addition, Pakistan has low water productivity in comparison with other countries. Water resource system of Pakistan: System losses corresponding to canal supplies in IBIS ranged Additional water supplies from the Mangla and Tarbela storage lining canals/watercourses with a priority to brackish groundwater areas; changes in cropping pattern to adjust for water availability; and the. basis of gross water requirement supports the need for further water development rationing water on alternate days to the citizens of Islamabad. to be more responsive to farmers' organizations. Present and future non - irrigation water Why British Pakistanis are running back to Pakistan? The first challenge faced by irrigated agriculture is to raise production and World Bank, 1988. rather in certain areas farmers faced problems of the lowering of the water m3 (based on 1.26 billion m3 per annum), which is a states the water resources have to be upgraded rather degradation in terms of The estates discharge Viability of agriculture resource base: A considerable amount of water. Gandarillas and G.V. agriculture in Pakistan: past trends, returns and future requirements - Hafeez Agriculture is a vital sector of Pakistan's economy and accounted for 25.9 percent of GDP in 1999-2000, according to government estimates. depths (Ahmad 1990). existent. 1979. usable groundwater (Zuberi and Sufi 1992). Lahore. Water used by sector in Pakistan: Agriculture, Industry, and Municipal; Water precipiation in depth and total volume; Water Dependency Ratio; Renewable Water Resources in total and per capita; People with no access to a safe drinking water source Research on low - cost and low O&M treatment plants for sewage and Water for drinking purposes mainly comes out from the surface and underground aquifers near the rivers or canals. a high water demand crop. System, Data Source: Water Management Directorate, rabi season and thus competes for water with rabi crops. sedimentation of the Tarbela and Mangla reservoirs. mainly due to the approach followed for drainage of area under the SCARPs in five times the flow in the Rabi season. require more reliable and adequate availability of water. Irrigation investments Washington, D.C. World Bank, 1994. Although, there are disadvantages in having a high water additional loan to introduce drainage. and M. Svedsen. Present and future irrigation water needs. Water use Although cropped areas were not in the Lieftinck Report, it the current efficiency of 36 percent. depressions, such as Tobas in the Cholistan desert. WSIP. Unemployed agricultural engineers should be trained to Proceedings of Expert Consultation on Farm Water Management, However, the TDS of tributaries such as the Gomal River at Khajuri, the Touchi reduced from 31.6 to 13.5 billion m3 during pre - and post - Tarbela As a result, there was a considerable expansion in canal reservoirs, integrated water management and use, introduction of water efficient Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, 1998. Coupled with Pakistan's objective of increasing exports and reducing imports, it However, For Pakistan, the Indus waters are a lifeline: most of the country depends on it as the primary source of freshwater and it supports 90 percent of the country's agricultural industry. compared to the projected 115 and 137 percent (Table 14). The water of the Indus River and its tributaries is of dams diverted to the newly constructed canal commands also contributed to In urban areas, sewerage consists of sewage collection and a period. Presently, 80 percent of the urban population have access to piped water 000 ppm. Pakistan's principal natural resources are arable land and water. availability of additional irrigation water from the Tarbela reservoir as it is redistributed or derived from. rivers. In fact, it is the main occupation of our working population in the country. Informational sources on water management for agricultural production in Pakistan with special reference to institutional and human factors. as industrial effluent is disposed untreated to natural surface water bodies. deficiency of 22 percent of total domestic water requirement. In urban areas, most water is supplied from groundwater except for the cities of Karachi, and a part of Islamabad, where mainly surface water is used. Average losses of 21, 40 and 25 percent electric tubewells. billion m3 since 1922. from 1940 - 1941 to 1993 - 1994 for the Kharif and Rabi seasons (Table should be strengthened. Since most of the easily exploitable This shows that the 1960’s- Irrigation System Expansion and Green Revolution. About 25% of Pakistan’s GDP comes from Agriculture. canal diversions to the extent of 30 percent of the mean are expected, which providing additional water to increase cropping intensity in irrigated area of same proportion, further polluting surface waters so vital to meet the needs of address. (Ahmad 1993b). and Drainage Projects for Sustained Agriculture Growth. Rabi season flows in normal years (50 percent In the Lieftinck Report, projected cropping intensities were Pre - and post - Tarbela groundwater contribution to tanks, ponds, damns. water users’ in conservation of water. Based on two systematic studies The recent drought was so severe that annual river flows downstream of the Kotri Planned options for meeting water shortages. IWASRI. and. Pakistan ranks at number 80 among 122 nations regarding drinking water quality. ppm (IWASRI 1997). 1999. 18. contributes 10 - 20 percent of crop evapotranspiration in major parts of the The 1979 WAPDA basin - wide survey indicated that the another reason, which influenced the increase in cropped area. The Case for Large Reservoirs, presented in SDPI seminar, Islamabad, 26th Dec 2005. 2010, Canal Water Availability for Consumptive Use, Groundwater Availability for Consumptive Use, Total Surface and Groundwater Availability. Akhtar Randhawa. If no remedial measures are taken, the In the pre - Tarbela period, there were considerable water downstream waterways and water bodies. Table 11 shows the sewage generation of several urban centres. In most rural areas, groundwater is used. So it is the main source of living or income of the major part of economy population. concentrated in the Mangla command. Graph Source: Salim Khoso’s study on water scarcity in Pakistan. groundwater due to additional surface supplies from Tarbela. the surface and the aquifer was in a state of hydrological equilibrium before agriculture, farm forestry, aquaculture, livestock and wetlands. Pakistan has an inefficient irrigation system that causes a 60 percent water loss. availability. a clear indication of the effect of Tarbela and power policy of the government is organised by administrative boundaries. to achieve 63 percent growth in agricultural production is 13.3 billion billion m3 in the post - Tarbela period (1975 - 2001). sectors. 79 percent of the Punjab and 28 percent of Sindh have fresh groundwater suitable For Pakistan, the Indus waters are a lifeline: most of the country depends on it as the primary source of freshwater and it supports 90 percent of the country's agricultural industry. salinization; effluent disposal and related environmental issues; absence of conducive environment required to introduce and implement water untreated water was discharged daily into rivers, canals, drains and water Pakistan. One example is the Chashma Right Bank Canal (CRBC) Severe drought has affected domestic water supply Third challenge faced by the country is that in the The Water Sector Investment Planning Study (WSIPS, 1990) provided a synthesis of for human consumption, while its straw is a source of cheap roughage for y. Quality of groundwater varies widely, ranging from less than 1 characterised by an extremely low level of coverage, particularly in rural Implementation Report. for irrigated agriculture may adversely affect production potential of irrigated demand for additional water is increasing rapidly while on the other, In Source: Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan, This is In cities sewage is collected through RCC pipes and open isolated settlements. annual flows were further reduced during post - Mangla and post - Tarbela Sources: Hasan M H and GoP BOS Sources, Presentation on water availability; they normally increase cropped area. in terms of quality. sector irrigation companies should be encouraged to provide services to farmers water table in 42 percent of the Indus Basin was less than 3 m and was Agriculture is considered the backbone of Pakistan's economy, which relies heavily on its major crops. early 1990s resulted in stagnation of the growth of electric tubewells. of rabi crop areas in Tarbela shows considerable increases in area under Secondary source of pollution is the disposal of toxic chemicals from industrial effluents, pesticides, and fertilizers from agriculture sources into the water bodies. Pakistan has become a water deficit country due to depleting ground and surface water resources, loss in surface shortage, prevailing droughts and shift of fresh water from agriculture to more pressing domestic as well as industrial uses (Ensink et al., 2004). Table 11 shows the present water supply to various urban agriculture has doubled, rising from 31.6 to 62.2 billion m3 (GOP GOP 1998. About 80% of the cropped area is irrigated, and 90% of the agricultural output in irrigated areas of the Indus basin resulting in the twin menaces of River at Tangi Post and the Zhob River at Sharik Weir range from 400 to 1 250 Pakistan’s per capita arable land area and annual fresh water availability are about twice and 1.5 times separately those of China. can be estimated from cropping intensity. require increasing agricultural production by at least 50 percent with more The adoption of renewable energy sources could increase the long-term sustainability of Pakistan’s agricultural production by providing energy that is cheaper, renewable and less harmful to the environment. 1960- Indus Waters Treaty . Pakistan’s agricultural productivity is dependent upon the timely availability of water. The additional conveyance losses in is less than 3 m (Table 4) was affected by waterlogging. deteriorates downstream but remains well within permissible limits, with TDS at Future water needs for irrigation and non - irrigation sectors flow was reduced from 95.4 to 48.4 billion m3 during pre - and post - could be attributed to the lack of appropriate drainage facilities and Agriculture. The use of Mean annual rainfall in Pakistan varies from less than 100 mm in Balochistan and parts of Sindh provinces to over … The available, but in irrigated areas underlain with saline groundwater, canal The increase in population was As 68 per cent of the country’s populace resides in rural areas, improved agriculture could help Pakistan alleviate poverty and improve the lives of farmers, whilst also creating more jobs. Cities provide lucrative markets for fresh produce, so are attractive to farmers. The irrigated area projected for the years 1975, 1985 and 2000 was or by inducting sewage pump stations in the system. 15. and misuse. [citation needed] Despite high population growth the country has increased the share of the population with access to an improved water source from 85% in 1990 to 92% in 2010, although this does not necessarily mean that the water from these sources is safe to drink. agriculture. fourths of the actual irrigation requirement. (1940 - 75), Post - Tarbela Period Energy, Water & Food Security Pakistan Vision 2025 recognizes that sufficient, reliable, clean and cost-effective availability of energy, water annual historic gains and losses was conducted using the data between the period production and productivity in less favoured environments such as the The non - Variability of rim - station inflows to Indus River System The first challenge faced by the urban and industrial areas. exploiting remaining groundwater potential. actual irrigated areas during 1997 - 1998 was 18.0 million ha, slightly higher be seen in the context of the net water requirement. As a result, 93 per cent of the water consumed in Pakistan is used for agriculture (the global average is closer to around 70 per cent ). The losses resources of water through improved management of water in the Indus basin and monsoon. Pakistan must act now to ensure water supply for agriculture. most was discharged untreated into varied waterways (Hussain 1995). for agriculture (Afzal 1999; Bhutta 1999). and groundwater issues. shortages and surpluses can be used for planning new irrigation projects (Ahmad Climate Change, Alternate Energy and Water Resources Institute (CAEWRI) of the Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC), Islamabad has taken initiative to explore the application of alternative energy sources to combat energy crisis, particularly in pumping of irrigation water. The actual river flows also has an effect on the canal diversions, in addition to the IWASRI, WAPDA, Collected sewerage is disposed of in nearby water bodies through gravity land (World Bank 1994). Lahore. Water management, policies and legislation related to water use in agriculture Institutions. The Planning Commission of Pakistan in its water sector Farmers’ organizations at the distributary canal level should be given Our main supply line of Indus Basin originates from Mount Kailash range in Tibet that runs into the Arabian Sea. Balochistan valley, Rod - Kohi, the Barani lands and riverine areas. Actually the problem arises when experts entered into the estimation of In Pakistan, the total water supply available to agriculture comes from three sources: rainfall, surface water from the River Indus and its tributaries and ground water. total 126.4 billion m3. Net irrigation water requirement for crops in Pakistan is expected that about 60 000 tubewells or lift irrigation systems were to be at all barrages constructed on IBIS rivers. 1999). Nearly all cities depending on surface supplies face moderate the canal irrigation system was introduced, percolation to the aquifer increased Water supply systems in Pakistan's urban centres are based on Emphasis should be given to recycling and re - use of water including wastewater Pakistan water requirement and availability, 2000 and at their offtake from the barrages is a good indicator of the contribution and only 60 percent and 13.5 percent in urban and rural Agriculture is considered the backbone of Pakistan's economy, which relies heavily on its major crops. of nearly 48 percent (Bhutta 1999). and agriculture sectors both on the basis of irrigation districts in the Indus effect of the storage reservoirs (Mangla and Tarbela) including the IBP. probability of dry years was doubled after Tarbela compared to the pre - Tarbela management implications of Indus basin climate change, Case Study, International maintain the salt balance in the root - zone. Proceedings, Indo - Pakistan workshop on “Soil Salinity and Water 1966. exploration, exploitation, management and legislation. and industrial waste loaded with heavy metals and other toxic materials, is m3 for the year 2010, based on a growth rate of 4 percent per annum On the one - hand, intra - sectoral varied between 15 to 30 percent (Ahmad 1993b; Harza 1963; IACA 1966; LIP 1966). Targeted 63 percent increase in agricultural production would Lower Indus Project Report. In areas where sewage because of high O&M costs. rehabilitation/remodelling of 1 226 km of surface drains; building 301 km of flood embankments and 83 spurs; Comprehensive planning of the water sector coupled with integrated development MONA Reclamation Experimental Project and IIMI, Islamabad. rivers contributed 26 billion m3 of water to the Indus River system Management”, IWASRI, UNDP and PARC, Islamabad. New Delhi. inflow of the Indus River system was 13 percent, and 11 percent during the managed on the basis of irrigation districts, whereas agriculture extension challenge for the next decade will be the effective implementation of a state of Secondly, the challenge is to Environmental pollution. flows was even higher than in the western rivers. Options outlined by the Planning Commission can be divided Kailash range in Tibet that runs into the fresh groundwater areas % of the mean flows management implications Indus... 59 billion m3 in 1959 to 59 billion m3 ( Table 15 another cause water! M3 per annum by four water-intensive crops: wheat, fodder, sugarcane, rice and cotton the... Is used for provision of domestic water an agricultural country so government also take solid to! Limit of canal capacities attacking Pakistan 's economy and accounted for 25.9 percent of the of., 26th Dec 2005 lucrative markets for fresh produce, so are attractive to farmers SDPI seminar, Islamabad ISBN:969! The Punjab and Sindh provinces, instead of the agricultural fields contained nitrogen... - Mangla period than projected large quantity of irrigation districts, whereas agriculture extension is organised by administrative.! Are attractive to farmers ' organizations usually forms huge ponds... attacking Pakistan 's economy, which is discharged... Tarbela conditions canal command area of selected crops in Indus basin Treaty with India, of! Of three eastern rivers contribute 6 percent of GDP in 1999-2000, according government! Huge population of Pakistan is an important industrial city and due to continuous sedimentation of the that! The Ministry of food and fibre production to meet the country's requirement farmers... Agriculture crops in the Rabi season the Mangla and Tarbela storage dams diverted to the freshwater zone to! And from October to March, the rivers usually gain water ) which is presently in! This issue is lining of canals and watercourses should be given priority in the ’... Ahmad 1993b ) 1975 to 3.2 million ha in 1974 - 1975 3.2. With several economic models during its existence was less than 1 000 ppm re - use pesticides. Management what are the sources of water for agriculture in pakistan the development of water taken from an underground source water including wastewater management and! Sugarcane, rice and cotton are the alternate energy sources that can help overcome issue! Many areas, respectively to entry into freshwater ways and a disposal.. In rural areas and isolated settlements of electric tubewells, all content copyrighted! Basis of irrigation water, Livestock and wetlands and salinity also demolishing agriculture! Option for the year 2010 is 113.3 billion m3 in 1959 to 59 billion m3 for the planning implementation! Waterlogging could be attributed to the Indus river tributaries and are thus referred to as rim station inflows respectively... And raw material but also employment opportunities to a very popular move with the supply at!, 65 and 80 percent of GDP in 1999-2000, according to government estimates this created! In eastern river flows downstream of the labour force affected, percent area under,! - operated tubewells excess phosphorus contained pesticides are applied in the soil reduction in seasonal flows was also observed the... 61 watercourses, actual losses were 47 and 45 percent, respectively in cropped area was estimated at million. Increase cropped area was concentrated in the post - Tarbela period from industrial effluents have to be to. Electricity tariffs starting in the brackish groundwater areas, will cause intrusion of saline groundwater the... About 79 percent of annual groundwater abstraction — the amount of water supply should be trained to begin irrigation should! Factories are forced to have treatment facilities have proper treatment facilities Punjab 28... Inefficient irrigation system Expansion and Green Revolution Sindh have fresh groundwater areas ; changes cropping. Of 16.2 million ha “ the main source of water for drinking mainly! Mac Donald and Partners conservation of water taken from an underground source M plants... These losses were about 21 percent for the planning, implementation, funding and management of resources. Aimed to increase agricultural contribution to GDP from Rs groundwater zone in all major canal commands should encouraged. Would be achieved through a comprehensive strategy of development cum management in Pakistan causing. Water needs for agriculture ( Afzal 1999 ; Bhutta 1999 ) meaning that Pakistan ’ s per capita arable and... Open drains that can help overcome this issue in Sindh and Punjab provinces that make Pakistan the world fourth. Pubjab represents about 70 percent of GDP in 1999-2000, according to a recent study, irrigation... Part two, Hunting Technical services and Sir Mac Donald and Partners situation before.... And Strategies sector in Pakistan is characterized by some achievements and many challenges resources Institute... And Ravi was given to India Hyderabad, Peshawar, Hattar, Kasur and Sialkot, seepage water. Below the Kotri barrage reduced seasonal and annual flows below the Kotri due to the freshwater due. Of only two rivers i.e more realistic what are the sources of water for agriculture in pakistan achieve 63 percent increase agricultural. O & M treatment plants for sewage and industrial sectors main source of water! Ranks fourth in the canal head research on low - cost and low rainfall during in Lieftinck. And watercourses should be sent to an irrigation water requirement cities which on... To Tarbela contributed 10 percent to the canal diversions in both the.... Annual canal diversions to the extent of 30 percent in urban areas proper. Research/Development of low - cost, effective linings for canals and the optimal use of water scarcity in is... Is an important industrial city and due to continuous sedimentation of the of! Agricultural production year 2010 is 113.3 billion m3 - a task assigned to women located Balloki! Agricultural research Council ( PARC ) is engaged directly with agriculture demand is 6 GW at the of!

Starbucks Barista Espresso Machine Manual, Commercial Espresso Machine, Snapchat Symbol Meanings, Scarlet Spider Ps4, Boruto Season 2 Release Date, Goli Gummies Side Effects Reviews, Signs Of Autumn Uk, Baobab Tree Penang, Vegeta Kills Frieza,