Land reclamation has always been part of Singapore’s history in order to construct new space for a growing population. The first land reclamation works began in 1819 when Sir Stamford Raffles cleared mangrove swamps and fishing villages in order to build trading centres. The Marina Barrage was built in 2008. 2 There were also fish and prawn ponds. The former has been the most common method with sand the predominant material used. [13] Large-scale damage has been seen throughout Koh Kong Province as a result of this dredging. Below is a map of Singapore showing original land, reclaimed land, and future land reclamation plans: To date, Singapore has seen a 24.4% increase in land size after several land reclamation projects through the years. Since its first days as a city, Hong Kong has been shaped and reshaped by land reclamation, which has been an indispensable tool in turning 733 kilometres of craggy shoreline into a global metropolis of 7.5 million people. [5] Though industries around the world depend on sand, the United Nations Environment Programme found Singapore to be the largest importer of sand worldwide in 2014. Hence, the story of land reclamation in Singapore is a rich topic that has yet to receive significant attention from historians.5 The history of land construction in Singapore offers a number of important insights, which form the central theses of this paper. Land reclamation is most simply done by adding material such as rocks, soil and cement to an area of water, alternatively submerged wetlands. Soil from a nearby hill was used to fill the low-lying areas. Land reclamation isn’t a recent phenomenon in Singapore; this practice actually began as early as 1822, four years after the British claimed Singapore as a colony. A HISTORY OF RECLAMATION IN MUMBAI. The original landscape of the region was greatly changed and is now restricted to the areas around the Pandan Reservoir and Sungei Pandan. The earliest reclamation projects were carried out by the colonial government. [3] As part of Malaysia and continuing after independence in 1965, Singapore benefitted from economic development programs, which both enabled and required significant land reclamation projects. It is reviewed every five years and translates the broad long-term strategies of the Concept Plan into detailed plans to … [5],[6] Though Singapore's native population is no longer increasing as rapidly as it was in the mid-twentieth century, the city-state has experienced a continued influx in its foreign population,[7] resulting in a continued investment in land reclamation by the government. Land reclamation Edit. In some jurisdictions, including parts of the United States, the term "reclamation" can refer to returning disturbed lands … Menu Cryptocurrency Posts; Cryptophilosophy Podcast; Podcast Transcripts With separate rainwater and used water collection systems, good land use planning policies and strong environmental controls, the collected rainwater is protected from pollution. With an existing land area of only 581.5km2, it is not enough to keep up with the rapid urbanization of the country in order to meet the demands of the growing population and the booming business enterprises. History of Singapore’s land reclamation. Early land reclamations in Singapore date back to the 19th century and large scale land reclamation … Prior to 1960, Singapore had 581.5 km2 of its productive land (library.thinkquest.org). The first land reclamation works began in 1819 when Sir Stamford Raffles cleared mangrove swamps and fishing villages in order to build trading centres. In anticipation of increasing growth of the existing city centre, Singapore embarked upon an ambitious land reclamation project in 1971. Most of our natural sandy shores have been lost to reclamation. Raffles had come to the area with the goal of developing a British port to rival that of the Dutch, and though contemporary Singapore was the ideal location for a harbor, it was at the time only a small fishing village. This increase in land area is all thanks to land reclamation. [17], Though much harm has been done to Singapore's aquatic ecosystems as the result of land reclamation projects and expansive industrialization, there has been more of an effort in recent years to accommodate and restore damaged environments. By 2008, Singapore was one of the top three oil trading and refining hubs globally. Land reclamation in Singapore also allows for the preservation of local historic and cultural communities, as building pressures are reduced by the addition of reclaimed land. Denis D. Gray, "Cambodia sells sand; environment ravaged", Alice Chia, "New reclamation method aims to reduce Singapore's reliance on sand,". Often, these cities attain extreme conditions of density, informality, hybrid identities, and infrastructure building when the trajectories of their regional histories combined unexpectedly with a post-colonial complex in the 20th century. [3] Such development was interrupted by World War II, when the Japanese occupied Singapore and directed focus away from an improved Singapore and towards an extended Japanese culture. In 2002, Malaysia began to voice its displeasure at Singapore’s land reclamation works in Tuas and Pulau Tekong. [17] When Stamford Raffles arrived in Singapore in 1819, the land was largely mangrove swamp; today, mangrove cover accounts for less than 0.5% of Singapore's total land area. The reclamation of land from surrounding waters is used in Singapore to expand the city-state's area of usable and natural land. In the past, most of Singapore's sand imports … Reclamation of land by irrigation was extensively developed by the Soviet Union.By the late 1950s the Soviets reported a total of about 27 million acres (11 million hectares) under irrigation, about one-half of this being in the Central Asian republics. Singapore, city-state located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, about 85 miles (137 km) north of the Equator. Lingxiao Wu, Dong Yang, Shuaian Wang, Yun Yuan, Evacuating offshore working barges from a land reclamation site in storm emergencies, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 10.1016/j.tre.2020.101902, 137, (101902), (2020). History of Land Reclamation in Singapore. [12] Raffles used soil from a razed hill to raise the southwest bank of the Singapore River, but sand is the predominant choice. Also in the early 1960s, Singapore's central business district was extended into land reclaimed from the sea. [5] The dispute was settled after arbitration. This cost-saving method, to be used for the first time in Singapore, will be adopted by the Housing & Development Board (HDB) for the upcoming land reclamation project. [14] It is to be used first on the northwestern tip of Pulau Tekong, a future military training base which will be expanded by 810 ha (2,000 acres). In terms of restoration efforts, nature activists and public authorities alike have been working more and more towards the strengthening of biotic communities. Jurong Island). [17] In the development of the Semakau Landfill, for example, an extensive EIA was carried out after the project's commission in 1999. [15], The Singaporean government refuses to disclose where the sand it receives is imported from. Thanks to land reclamation the tiny red dot has broadened its shores substantially. If you’re a time traveller in Hong Kong, you’d better pack a lifejacket because chances are the land you’re standing on wasn’t there 100 years ago. It consists of Singapore Island and some 60 small islets. Countries around the South China Sea also have a long history of sea reclamation. [20], Singapore has also suffered an enormous loss in coral reefs as the result of extensive land and coastal development. How Reclaiming Land Changed Singapore’s Waterfront and the famous Collyer Quay and Finlayson Green. In anticipation of increasing growth of the existing city centre, Singapore embarked upon an ambitious land reclamation project in 1971. East Coast Reclamation Scheme, reclaiming 19 ha of land at 14 km East Coast road, started the history of intensive efforts to overcome land shortage. Swampland was reclaimed using earth obtained from the levelling of hills in the area. Chongqing (1937-1946) / Post-Improvisation: Rural Construction and Satellite Cities, Tianjin/Bibliography2 –Plan of Tianjin City (2006-2020), Tianjin Planning Bureau, Chengdu resident population will be controlled within 6.2 million (成都中心城区常住人口将控制在620万以内), Singapore / The Urgency and Conservation Philosophy of Boat Quay, The Secretariat: A Place of Commemoration (2006-2017), Bangkok (1990-2009) Transportation System and Urban Planning, Lee Kuan Yew documentory/ Policy for Singapore, Bibliography # 1 [Background – Political] Aerial Photo of Downtown Tianjin and Binhai New Area, Infrastructural Governance of Jerusalem Light Rail V: The Politics of Naming, HKG/ Legacy of Plague II: “No.2 Caine Lane, Mid-Levels, Hong Kong”, Dubai/ Shift in typology I: Village into Instant Cities – Causes and downfall (1995-2005), Shanghai (1927-1937)/ Transportation system plan in the Greater Shanghai Plan (Part II), East Wahdat Upgrade/Social Status of Women: Public facilities and institutions, Tianjin/Maps3-Chronological Maps of Original City Center, HKG/ Density and poor living condition in Tai Ping Shan, Istanbul / Reshaping Istanbul’s Urbanscape. The history of land reclamation can be traced back 200 years to colonial times, and reclaimed areas include the Telok Ayer Basin and Commercial Square (Raffles Place today). This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Land reclamation is most simply done by adding material such as rocks, soil and cement to an area of water; alternatively submerged wetlands or similar biomes can be drained. Construction of reservoirs by damming rivers and draining wetlands have also badly affected the habitats near river mouths and on … History of singapores land reclamation the first land reclamation works began in 1819 when sir stamford raffles cleared mangrove swamps and fishing villages in order to build trading centres. If you’re a time traveller in Hong Kong, you’d better pack a lifejacket because chances are the land you’re standing on wasn’t there 100 years ago. The reclamation of land from surrounding waters is used in Singapore to expand the city-state's limited area of usable, natural land. [5], More recently, Singapore has issued its own complaints against Malaysia regarding the latter's two land reclamation projects in the Straits of Johore. Map created by reddit user theman77777 the map comparison above shows what the land area of what makes up the netherlands today looked like in 1300 compared to what it … The reclamation of land from surrounding waters is used in Singapore to expand the city-state's limited area of usable, natural land. Reclaimed land has created space to build residential areas (e.g. The latest casualty is the plan for a coastal freeway via land reclamation. [25] EIAs are not, however, required by any legislature, and thus are not mandatory for land reclamation projects. The total land area of Singapore at that time was 581.5 km 2 and it has increased to 633 km 2 in the 1990s, which is an increase of about 9% in total land area. Land reclamation which increased Singapore's land area by 17% has buried much of Singapore's coasts. [9] Though Singapore's first British Resident, William Farquhar, expressed concerns about the cost and feasibility of reclaiming this land, it was eventually decided that the project was achievable. [13] After the dredging of Cambodia's Tatai River (exempt from the ban) began in 2010, locals saw an estimated 85% reduction in the catch of fish, crab, and lobsters; tourist numbers have similarly decreased as construction and noise have surged. Land reclamation, the process of improving lands to make them suitable for a more intensive use. ... ,South Korea (1,550 sq km),Hong Kong (86 sq km),Tokyo (249 sq km) and Singapore (135 sq km). SINGAPORE: Experts on Monday (Aug 19) welcomed the possibility of implementing engineering solutions such as land reclamation to tackle rising sea … [14], In 2003, Singapore received backlash from Malaysia over land reclamation projects at either end of the Straits of Johore, which separate the two countries. As long as it is carried out in a measured approach, … Het land beslaat een groep van in totaal 63 eilanden die van Indonesië wordt gescheiden door de Straat van Singapore en van Maleisië door de Straat van Johore. Below is a video reference showing the time lapse of Singapore land reclamation from 1984-2012 : Singapore is a fast-paced urban country with a population of 5.47 million. The best practices which Singapore adopts, enables it to embark to some quite massive land reclamation projects, in Pulau Tekong and in Tuas, without causing significant impacts on the marine environment, for example,, pollution. Land reclamation which increased Singapore's land area by 17% has buried much of Singapore's coasts. The total land area of Singapore at that time was 581.5 km 2 and it has increased to 633 km 2 in the 1990s, which is an increase of about 9% in total land area. [13] More recently, however, certain rivers that receive replenishments of sand naturally due to their proximity to seawater have been made exempt from this ban. East Coast Reclamation Scheme, reclaiming 19 ha of land at 14 km East Coast road, started the history of intensive efforts to overcome land shortage. He obtain material from the nearby hills by levelling them and using the earth to fill the surrounding seabed. [2] Land reclamation has been used in Singapore since the early 19th century, extensively so in this last half-century in response to the city-state's rapid economic growth. [23] Since the mid-1990s, more attention has been paid to environmental impact assessments (EIAs), which identify the potential ecological consequences of a given developmental venture as well as possible ways to lessen the environmental harm. This legendary hotel along Singapore’s Beach Road is described by famed British writer W. Somserset Maugham as standing “for all the fables of the exotic East.” It was once a beachfront property (until land reclamation shifted the coastline back) built by the Armenian Sarkies brothers in 1886. [23] Though Singapore has seen the extinction of more than 28% of native flora and fauna, it has also witnessed the introduction of foreign flora and fauna to its ecosystems, increasing the country's biodiversity. Learn more about Singapore in … Singapore, being a small country, has been reclaiming land from the sea around the island. Marine Parade, Punggol), tourist spots (e.g. Raffles had come to the area with the goal of developing a British port to rival that of the Dutch, and though contemporary Singapore was the ideal location for a harbor, it was at the time only a small fishing village. The government also laid out an extensive land reclamation project in several parts of Singapore, estimated to end in 2030 and provide more residential, industrial and military spaces for future use. According to the URA website: "The Master Plan is the statutory land use plan which guides Singapore's development in the medium term over the next 10 to 15 years. In 1994, the final 38 hectares of land were reclaimed at Bayfront to create … Converting this village into a significant trading center required reorganization and better utilization of the land. [21] Fortunately, though there have been limited extinctions of local species, overall coral reef diversity has not diminished: the main loss has instead been a general, relatively equal decrease in the population abundance of each species. The Housing Board started preparatory work on Singapore's largest reclamation project. [14] In 2009, Vietnam instituted its own ban against the exportation of sand to Singapore,[15] followed the same year by Cambodia, although that country's prohibition was less all-encompassing: though sand from some seabeds could still be exported, river sand could no longer be dredged and distributed. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill. For the country to meet the needs of growing populations and economic development, having more land is certainly beneficial. [13], In recent years, however, sources of sand have become more scarce. Welcome to this urban research blog led by students from the Department of Architecture, University of Hong Kong. Thus land reclamation has been an important project since we became an independent nation. [3] Rapidly increasing demand for industrial, infrastructural, commercial, and residential land resulted in projects that reclaimed hundreds of hectares (acres) at a time. [11], Reclamation of submerged land requires a substance to fill in the reclaimed area. Situated at the northeastern coast of the mainland, the first reclamation project on the islands was carried out in the 1980s. [19] By 2002, that number had dropped to 54 km2 (21 sq mi). Singapore is the largest port in Southeast Asia and one of the busiest in the world. Land reclamation works involving the use of over 52,000,000 m 3 (68,000,000 cu yd) of landfill and seafill began in Changi in June 1975, even as the airport at Paya Lebar was still in the midst of expansion works. Reclamation has historically been an effective way of providing land for development. [22], Singapore has also seen the negative effects of industrialization impact several other coastal and marine habitats, such as seagrass, seabed, and seashores, all of which have suffered loss or degradation similar to that of the mangroves and coral reefs. This increase has dramatically changed local ecosystems. Timah Hill, the highest point, is only 531 feet (162 meters) above sea level. The new integrated resorts build on the Marina Bay reclaimed land attracted more tourists to Singapore, further boosting the country’s economy. At that time, however, the south bank was a swampy ground covered in mangrove trees. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill.. Hong Kong International Airport Master Plan 2030Land reclamation (English version) [9] The project began in the second half of 1822, and was completed in three to four months (largely by Chinese, Malay, and Indian laborers). By 1991, 10% of Singapore was reclaimed land. As early as 1822, Raffles assessed that the new port should be located at the south bank of the Singapore River (known today as Boat Quay), near the river’s mouth. Land reclamation history of northern Hong Kong island, the Kowloon peninsula and the southern New Territories up to 1990 centres, if one bases the calculation on the number of multinational concerns, the banking importance and the number of international organizations (Helle 1989, p. 165). The reclaimed land now holds Marina Centre and the Marina South Areas and allows the Singapore River to flow into the bay rather than directly into sea. And, by 2030, Singapore plans to grow some more to become an even 300 mi² (766 km²) in size. 4 Subsequently, land … In Singapore, the former has been the most common method until recently, with sand the predominant material used. Since its first days as a city, Hong Kong has been shaped and reshaped by land reclamation, which has been an indispensable tool in turning 733 kilometres of craggy shoreline into a global metropolis of 7.5 million people. Marina Bay, Sentosa) as well as industrial spaces (e.g. Singapore’s first industrial estate is located in Jurong. [19] Since coral reef monitoring was first instigated in the late 1980s, a clear overall decline in live coral cover has been noted, as has a decline in the depths at which corals thrive. [3] Post-war industrialization and land reclamation transformed Singapore's weak economy. [13] In spite of these restrictions, Cambodia, which provided just 25% of Singapore's sand imports in 2010, is now its primary source of sand. 2. Land reclamation allows for increased development and urbanization,[1] and in addition to Singapore has been similarly useful to the Netherlands, Hong Kong and Macau. [18][19] This loss has greatly diminished the beneficial effects of mangroves, which include protection against erosion and reduction in organic pollution,[20] both of which serve to ameliorate coastal water quality. [15], Starting in November 2016, Singapore has started to use a different land reclamation method, the polder development method, which should lessen its reliance on sand for land reclamation. [3] The Jurong Industrial Estate began development in the early 1960s to meet industrial land needs, and by 1968 already housed 153 factories, with another 46 under construction. Singapore's Historic Waterfront. Land reclamation usually known as reclamation and also known as land fill not to be confused with a landfill is the process of creating new land from oceans riverbeds or lake beds. Singapore's Historic Waterfront. 6. [1] The Land Acquisition Ordinance of 1920 was repealed by the Land Acquisition Act in 1966 so as to give the government the power of compulsory land … After Singapore gained independence in 1965, the government had a pressing need for an adequate supply of land to carry out its developmental projects, especially those concerning resettlement and industrialisation. Construction of reservoirs by damming rivers and draining wetlands have also badly affected the habitats near river mouths and on intertidal shores. Most of our natural sandy shores have been lost to reclamation. [14] The ban resulted in an increase in construction costs in Singapore as well as the need to find new sources of sand, which has become increasingly difficult as more neighboring countries institute their own bans and regulations regarding the exportation of sand. How does it get larger? 1 Before its transformation into an industrial estate, Jurong was a landscape covered in forest and swamp, with crocodile-infested rivers. The reclamation of land from surrounding waters used in Singapore to expand the city-state's limited area of usable, natural land. The Marina Bay reclamation projects added significant waterside land adjacent to Singapore's central business district, creating prime real estate that is used for commercial, residential, hotel, and entertainment purposes today. Philosophy, Blockchain Development, & other nerd stuff. 3 Reclamation work began in the 1960s. [16] Many offshore islands have been changed, often through the filling of waters between small islands in order to create cohesive landmasses. Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. [21] Coral reefs are valued for their work towards carbon sequestration and shore protection (particularly in the dispersal of wave energy), as well as for their contributions to fisheries production, ecotourism, and scientific research. 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