ACTIO DE PASTU. o See Vincent v. Civil Service Comm'n, 54 Ohio St. 3d (1990). Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius. Paragraph 18 of the policy was relevant to the issue: For example, “weekends and public holidays” excludes ordinary weekdays. The rule does not operate where an expression is incomplete due to accident. Legal Definition of expressio unius est exclusio alterius : a principle in statutory construction: when one or more things of a class are expressly mentioned others of the same class are excluded History and Etymology for expressio unius est exclusio alterius New Latin, the explicit mention of one (thing) is the exclusion of another ery of personal or real property." The principle expressio unius est exclusio alterius has often been cited, particularly in relation to express exclusions from the application of an MFN provision. 3. In short, an improperly drafted, generic force majeure clause can leave the parties with fewer protections than they would have under the law without it. Nevertheless, the canon of construction expressio unius est exclusio alterius would exclude any item that is not specifically listed. General-Terms Canon. Our Stakeholders. expressio unius est exclusio alterius: an express reference to one matter indicates that other matters are excluded. Have a look at the following example and decide how you would resolve the ambiguity. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Reporting a court case arising from false social media report Casenote on Mushunje v Zimbabwe Newspapers; ... Home » Expressio unius est exclusio alterius. The interpretive maxim expressio unius est exclusio alterius stands for the principle that “the expression of one subject, object, or idea is the exclusion of other subjects, objects, or ideas.”27 For instance, in the 19th century case of Steinlein v. 2009). Illustration 1. Expressio Unius 16 October 2015 JAMALUDIN YAAKOB 43 MBG 1243 RULES OF CONSTRUCTION Law Dictionary Expressio unius personae vel vei rei est exclusio alterius The express intention of one person or thing is the exclusion of another. First, the plain language of the statute is clear. Expressio unius est exclusio alterius is a Latin phrase that means express mention of one thing excludes all others. Construction on the principles contained in expressio unius est exclusio alterius Maxim. We also say, “Expressio unius est exclusio alterius.” And, no, we don’t know how to pronounce it either, which is why we shorten it to “expressio unius” (ex-SPRES-i-o you-NYE-us). 117. The residents appealed all the way up to the Colorado Supreme Court, who agreed that Stat. By way of example (highlighted in bold): R (Veolia ES Nottinghamshire Ltd) v … In such instances, it is of deciding importance; in others, not. Applying the second canon expressio unius est exclusio alterius, the Court took the position that because the statute explicitly says “farming” and “ranching” but does not mention “hunting”, that activities related to the former were permissible, but not so to the later. They are maxims of interpretation. [1] If the words of the Statute are plain and its meaning is clear then there is no scope for applying the rule. Case Index. This is one of the rules used in interpretation of statutes. Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius is a legal maxim which literally translates to the ‘explicit mention of one thing is the exclusion of another’. Courts have held that the maxim should be disregarded in cases in which an expanded interpretation of a statute will lead to beneficial results or will serve the purpose for which the statute was enacted. The Facts of the Case, and the Plaintiff's Argument. A. ABSOLUTION FROM THE INSTANCE. United States v. Barnes, 222 U.S 513, 32 S.Ct. 4 One of the most important rules of the construction of statutes is the ‘Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius’.This is a Latin term which etymologically means ‘Express Mention and Implied Exclusion’. • The rule means that the expression of one thing is the exclusion of another. Case Index. 2d 500, 863 P.2d 745].) Expressio Unius est Exclusio Alterius Expressio unius, exclusio alterius. The expression of one thing implies the exclusion of others (expressio unius est exclusio alterius). The analysis based upon the doctrine is flawed. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. ... ULII is also an end user interface for the Electronic Court Case Management Information System. But sometimes it’s quite handy. They must have intentionally omitted real property." omissus pro omisso habendus est). This form of construction is used while interpreting statutes, contracts and deeds. EXPRESIO UNIUS EST EXCLUSIO ALTERIUS. [5] The doctrine has also been defined by the Supreme Court as follows: " 'Under the familiar rule of construction, expressio unius est exclusio alterius, … It’s subject to commonsense contextual readings. Expressio unius est exclusio alterius. They admit that Title VII applies only to the listed classes of discrimination. of the Air Force, 557 F.3d 1342, 1344 Expressio unius est exclusio alterius This means the express mention of one thing excludes all others. Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius. Associated words try to explain the meaning of the general words and also limit the interpretation of sp… When a thing is explicitly mentioned in a provision of an Act, then all other things are not considered. 24. expressio unius est exclusio alterius (ek-spres [h]-ee-oh yoo-nI- [schwa]s est eks-kloo-zhee-oh al-t [schwa]-rI- [schwa]s). Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius: It literally means that one thing has been mentioned whereas the other has been left out. UN-2 Praxean in terms surprisingly definite for his time: Connexus Patris in Filio et Filii in Paracleto tres efficit cohaerentes, alterum e altero. EXPRESIO UNIUS EST EXCLUSIO ALTERIUS. The petition with respect to declaration of unconstitutionality of EO 97-A cannot be, likewise, sustained. The simplest way to explain the difference is this (plus one more for bonus):— 1. Of course, the negative-implication canon is merely a rule of thumb. Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius: Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius means that one thing having been mentioned the other is excluded. ("known by the company it keeps") Noscitur a sociis literally means 'known by the company it keeps'. The rule of liberal construction states that a law must be interpreted in … When drafting a list, the rulewriter should recognize the inference that all omissions from a list are understood to be exclusions. Negative-Implication Canon. Their discussion of this canon—familiar to many lawyers under the Latin shorthand expressio unius (from the full clause expressio unius est exclusio alterius) ... the example … In Rylands Brothers (Aust) Ltd v Morgan [1] where his Honour noted that the expressio unius maxim “must always be applied with caution and only in appropriate cases” [2] and adopted the reasoning in Colquhoun v Brooks [3] where it was stated that:“I may observe that the method of … However, sometimes a … The dictionary definition of this Latin term is ‘when one or more things of a class are expressly mentioned, others of the same class are excluded’. In Mary Angel v. State of T.N 1999 5 SCC 209, this Court observed as follows on the scope of the maxim: (SCC pp. ACCOMPLICE. Noscitur a sociis (Latin ‘recognised by its partners’) is for interpreting questionable words in statutes. Expressio unius est exclusio alterius (Latin ‘expresion of one is the exclusion of another) is for interpreting what items are excluded in a legal text. Lopes, L.J opines this maxim means a valuable servant but a dangerous master[13]. Legal definition of expressio unius est exclusio alterius: a principle in statutory construction: when one or more things of a class are expressly mentioned others of the same class are excluded. Source: Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law ©1996. K.S.A. Contracts § 328; Statutes § 329.] C.J.S. So the special-district statute didn’t authorize the burial of a private corporation’s cables. There is a strict application of the rule in the case of State ex rel Terry vs. Keaough, 68 Wis. 135. is expressio unius est exclusio alterius, which means to express one is to exclude others. Expressio unius est exclusio alterius This means the express mention of one thing excludes all others. TheLaw.com Law Dictionary & Black's Law Dictionary 2nd Ed. Expressio unius est exclusion alterius • Expressio unius est exclusion alterius - it means “to express one is to exclude others”. Consequently, the journalist was not liable to a fine or imprisonment, and the case was dismissed. They mean that to include one thing is to exclude another. 1 Expressio unius (est) exclusio alterius (sometimes simply referred to as expressio unius) is an interpretative maxim pursuant to which the express mention of an item excludes others. The specific governs over the general ..... 26 iv. [30] The expressio unius est exclusio alterius rule. You can grab notes for other topics from here. Start studying Latin Maxim. This entry about Expressio Unius has been published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY 3.0) licence, which permits unrestricted use and reproduction, provided the author or authors of the Expressio Unius entry and the Encyclopedia of Law are in each case credited as the source of the Expressio Unius entry. It can never override clear and contrary evidences of Congressional intent. Rptr. Expressio unius est exclusio alterius (the inclusion of one thing implies the exclusion of another) is a fundamental rule of contract interpretation. An example from chapter 10: expressio unius est exclusio alterius is the negative-implication canon, meaning that if a text explicitly covers one thing, it usually means that it does not cover other things. [Cases: Contracts 156; Statutes 194. The Case of Hobbs and the case of Allen v Emmerson stated that there had to be 2 or more words listed for it to count 12 of 16 EXPRESSIO UNIUS EST EXCLUSIO ALTERIUS? In Rodaro, Justice, at ¶856, defined the Latin maxim expressio unius est exclusio alterius as follows: o Omitted-Case Canon (casus omissus pro omisso habendus est) A matter not covered is to be treated as not covered. Cf. 4th 841, 852 [25 Cal. Both those are terms of legal doctrine related to statutory interpretation of laws and also of the construction of contractual documents. Expressio unius est exclusio alterius is a canon of construction meaning “that to express or include one thing implies the exclusion of the other, or of the alternative.” 1 Black’s Law Dictionary 661 (9th ed. The same words used in different parts of a writing ... in addition to statutes, case law, and doctrine, will inform the contract reader how to interpret the provision at issue. So if a statute stated it applies to lions and tigers (without stating and other) it would only apply to lions and tigers and not leopards and cheetahs. That is, a matter not covered is to be treated as not covered. The court wasn’t persuaded. • An example can be seen in Tempest v Kilner (1846). Expressio unius est exclusio alterius • This Latin words mean ‘the express mention of one thing is the exclusion of another,’ and the rule is commonly expressed in the short form as ‘ Expressio unius Rule’. Image. Courts have held that the maxim should be disregarded in cases in which an expanded interpretation of a statute will lead to beneficial results or will serve the purpose for which the statute was enacted. The present case falls under the second category where the maxim “expressio unius est exclusio alterius” would be applicable as there is nothing to indicate to the contrary. Latin, a legal maxim meaning “the expression of one thing is to exclude another.”. Definition of Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius meaning or descrpition: (Latin) to express one thing and exclude another; rule of contract construction that requires that the use of one word implies the exclusion of another (Source of this concept of […] To read this full article you must be a subscriber: One tool they have used is the canon of expressio unius est exclusio alterius, which tells us that “to express one thing is to exclude another.” 1 Expressio unius has been used frequently by the Supreme Court of Canada in severa l well-known tax cases (though the Court correctly The maxim ' expressio unius est exclusio alterius ' is an aid to construction not a rule of law. The maxim expressio unius est exclusio alterius (express mention of one thing excludes others) has been called a valuable servant but a dangerous master. Reading Law is structured as a catalog of the canons of interpretation – 57 in all – complete with their Latin roots, in many cases. ULII is a project of the Law Reporting Committee of the Judiciary of Uganda. In Rylands Brothers (Aust) Ltd v Morgan [1] where his Honour noted that the expressio unius maxim “must always be applied with caution and only in appropriate cases” [2] and adopted the reasoning in Colquhoun v Brooks [3] where it was stated that:“I may observe that the method of … Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius Law and Legal Definition. Therefore mention of one or more specific things may be taken to exclude others of the same type. The most fundamental canon of statutory construction provides that “the express mention of one thing excludes all others.” This cannon is called “expressio unius est exclusio alterius.” Latin, a legal maxim meaning “the expression of one thing is to exclude another.”. So if a statute stated it applies to lions and tigers (without stating and other) it would only apply to lions and tigers and not leopards and cheetahs. Expressum facit cessare tacitum is a legal maxim that means “what is expressed makes what is implied silent.”. See, e.g., Delalat v. Dept. Contract Construction Cornell v. McAllister, 121 Okla. 285, 249 P. 959 (1926). (6) The rule expressio unius est exclusio alterius (the inclusion of the one is the exclusion of the other): when a list of specific items is not followed by general words it is to be taken as exhaustive. the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, recognize the common law canon of expressio unius est exclusio alterius. When a constitution grants authority, no more than what is specifically enumerated is granted. Expressio unius est exclusio alterius. • Clause (c) is the default rule in New York, and has been included to avoid ambiguity. This was litigation over saloon license fees,--the fee to be $200.00 if there was a village containing more than [33] Houssein v Under Secretary, Department of Industrial Relations and Technology (NSW) (1982) 148 CLR 88 at 94. Related Terms: Interpretatio Cessat in Claris. Put differently, Title VII is subject to the Latin maxim expressio unius est exclusio alterius (the expression of the one implies the exclusion of the other). "Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius" is one maxim of interpretation but it may be in conflict with others. The doctrine of "expressio unius est exclusio alterius" is inapt when the constitution limits, rather than grants, power. Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius Definition: Latin: the expression of one thing is the exclusion of the other. It can also be interpreted as a point which is not provided for by the statute. §1979, 42 U. S. C. §1983 (1994 ed., Supp. And it’s hardly limited to those cases. This is a form of reasoning sometimes known in the law as "expressio unius." 38–1601. In international law, expressio unius is mainly invoked in the context of treaty interpretation (Treaties, Interpretation of). The original quote concerns 'money' rather than the exclusio alterius rule. Case note on Zimbabwe Law Officers Association & Anor v National Prosecuting Authorities & Ors CCZ -1-19; ... Home » Expressio unius est exclusio alterius. Construction on the principles contained in expressio unius est exclusio alterius Maxim. (c) Whenever the word “or” is used in this Agreement, it shall not be deemed exclusive. ‘Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius’ this rule of language means ‘the explicit mention of one thing is the exclusion of another’. Sometimes referred to in short form as expressio unius. "19. unius phrase. 1 Expressio unius (est) exclusio alterius (sometimes simply referred to as expressio unius) is an interpretative maxim pursuant to which the express mention of an item excludes others. ACTIO DE … Expressio unius est exclusio alterius.” 507 U. S., at 168. EXPRESSIO UNIUS EST EXCLUSIO ALTERIUS; NOSCITUR A SOCIIS; RULE OF RANK. Casus Omissus: It literally means cases omitted. 's expressio unius est exclusio alterius argument, the court noted that “if the legislature wanted to prohibit consecutive sentences for juveniles, it could have done so.” The Court of Appeals also cited Juvenile Justice Authority Policy Number 4–701. Page 222 U. S. 519. “For example, the rule that ‘each citizen is entitled to vote’ implies that noncitizens are not … It’s been in the news quite a lot lately. The maxim invoked expresses a rule of construction, not of substantive law, and serves only as an aid in discovering the legislative intent when that is not otherwise manifest. expressum facit cessare tacitum: this is usually taken to be to a similar effect to expressio unius est exclusio alterius. A. ABSOLUTION FROM THE INSTANCE. Rejecting W.H. Further, for the rule of interpretation on the basis of the maxim "expressio unius est exclusio alterius", it has been considered in the decision rendered by the Queen's Bench in the case of Dean v. Wiesengrund [(1955) 2 QB 120 : (1955) 2 All ER 432]. Today, a short and poorly-edited post on the canon known as "Expressio Unius est Exclusio Alterius," which means "expression of one thing is the exclusion of others." Uganda Judiciary. Accordingly, if a contract includes an escalator clause governing lumber, but not for steel, it may be presumed that the parties intended that the contractor bear the price risk for steel. generalia specialibus non derogant: specific words will prevail where there is a conflict with general words. 2. Expressio unius est exclusio alterius, it is a maxim for ascertaining the intention of the legislature. Legal definition of expressio unius est exclusio alterius: a principle in statutory construction: when one or more things of a class are expressly mentioned others of the same class are excluded. Furthermore, the basic rules of statutory construction apply. Examples include expressio unius est exclusio alterius (the expression of one thing suggests the exclusion of others); noscitur a sociis (a word or phrase is given meaning by its context or setting); and ejusdem generis (where a general term follows a series of specific terms, the general term is interpreted to include only things of the same kind, class, character, or nature as those specifically enumerated). Expressio unius est exclusio alterius. What was the result under Expressio unius exclusio alterius? The phrase indicates that items not on the list are assumed not to be covered by the statute. [31] Project Blue Sky. With support from. (Gikas v. Zolin (1993) 6 Cal. — Also termed ejusdem generis rule; Lord Tenterden’s rule. In R. r. Therms case, Le Dain J. applied the expressio unius principle of construction to s. 24 of the Charter. You’ve heard of habeas corpus, for example. Justice Scalia's illustration of the canon in his book "A Matter of Interpretation" is roughly as follows. [32] Project Blue Sky. how the parties acted if under a different contract together containing similar terms Intention of the Parties: Sometimes referred to in short form as expressio unius. In Rodaro, Justice, at ¶856, defined the Latin maxim expressio unius est exclusio alterius as follows: "... a maxim of interpretation meaning that the expression of one thing is the exclusion of the other. This Latin phrase indicates that items not on the list are assumed not to be covered by the statute. Nevertheless, expressio unius est exclusio alterius does have its limitations. Expressio unius est exclusio alterius ("the express mention of one thing excludes all others"). The best example is probably expressio unius est exclusio alterius, which is a rather elaborate, mysterious sounding, and anachronistic way of describing the negative implication. This maxim is given to gauge the intent of the legislature. expressio unius est exclusio alterius and inclusio unius est exclusio alterius. But the court may require a person to license his or her e-bike. That is to say that a word derives meaning from surrounding words. We are unable to assent to that position. Nevertheless, expressio unius est exclusio alterius does have its limitations. ...such a case the maxim “expressio unius est exclusio alterius” (expression of one thing is the exclusion of another) applies and held that costs cannot be awarded by exercising inherent powers.Before...“expressio unius est exclusio alterius” and held that as there are specific provisions empowering the Court to grant costs, it excludes any other power of granting costs. The Rule of Negative Implication (expressio unius est exclusio alterius) o The inclusion of certain items implies the exclusion of others. Latin maxim meaning that the expression of one thing excludes others. The entire Latin phrase from which the shorthand comes is "Expressio unius est exclusio alterius." Public respondent SBMA correctly argued that the maxim “expressio unius est exclusio alterius”, on which petitioners impliedly rely to support their restrictive interpretation, does not apply when words are mentioned by way of example. D sold over £10 worth of "stocks and shares" and didn't put it in writing, but, because "stocks and shares" were not mentioned in the specific list, they were not covered by the Act and so D was not liable Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius. Expressio unius est exclusio alterius. There are ways to draft around that, discussed below. An example from chapter 10: expressio unius est exclusio alterius is the negative-implication canon, meaning that if a text explicitly covers one thing, it … Implicit in the mother's argument is that this is a clear case for application of the maxim expressio unius est exclusio alterius that is, "[t]he expression of some things in a statute necessarily means the exclusion of other things not expressed." Where a point is not provided for by the statute, it is governed by case laws. Thus, complaints in these cases, as in most others, must satisfy only the simple requirements of Rule 8(a). Another example is that, the inclusion of an expressions like, ‘notwithstanding anything contained in this section’ in the provision bars the possibility of inclusion of any other condition. Expresio unius est exclusio alterus ..... 26 iii. Posted: September 26, 2019 / By: admin / In: STAAR | EOC Testing; This Latin phrase, used in the law, means “the expression of one thing is the exclusion of the other.” In other words, when certain things are specified in a law, an intention to exclude all others from its operation may be inferred. It is generally used as a canon of construction of statutes or other legal documents, indicating that the express inclusion of one or more things of a particular type necessarily implies an intention to exclude others of that type. The maxims are interchangeable. [Law Latin] A canon of construction holding that to express or include one thing implies the exclusion of the other, or of the alternative. Case laws. 123 Cheat Sheet Example: ... • Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius – includes, such as (The express mention of one thing means the exclusion of the other) Where there is a closed list, cannot stretch to include unmentioned words. General terms are to be given their general meaning (generalia verba sunt generaliter intelligenda). TheLaw.com Law Dictionary & Black's Law Dictionary 2nd Ed. ACCOMPLICE. — Also spelled eiusdem generis. Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius – Interpretation of Statutes. For example, “weekends and public holidays” excludes ordinary weekdays. The controversy is over what an item on the list means, not over what is on the list. 1 Expressio unius (est) exclusio alterius (sometimes simply referred to as expressio unius) is an interpretative maxim pursuant to which the express mention of an item excludes others. In international law, expressio unius is mainly invoked in the context of treaty interpretation (Treaties, Interpretation of). V), neither does it refer to employment discrimination. Just as Rule 9(b) makes no mention of municipal liability under Rev. One tool they have used is the canon of expressio unius est exclusio alterius, which tells us that “to express one thing is to exclude another.” 1 Expressio unius has been used frequently by the Supreme Court of Canada in severa l well-known tax cases (though the Court correctly Expressio unius est exclusio alterius ("the express mention of one thing excludes all others" or "the expression of one is the exclusion of others") Items not on the list are impliedly assumed not to be covered by the statute or a contract term. The multivolume Words and Phrases includes more than 200 cases invoking the expressio unius est exclusio alterius maxim. For example, if a statute says that "cars, motorcycles, scooters, and other motorized vehicles must be licensed", the court probably will not require boats, trains, or planes to be licensed. ACTIO DE PAUPERIE. 220-21, paras 19-20) 19. Noscitur a soclis is a Latin term which means associated words, the meaning of unclear words or phrases is to be determined or interpreted on the basis of its context and the words and phrases surrounding it. When a matter is clearly provided in a document, the clear and precise meaning is to be adopted. The principle expressio unius est exclusio alterius has often been cited, particularly in relation to express exclusions from the application of an MFN provision. expressio unius est exclusio alterius (“the express mention of one thing excludes all others”), that items not on the list are assumed not to be included. Translated, it means that the naming of one thing excludes others that might have been named but were not. Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius, The Section 213(b)(10)(A) Exemption Is Limited To Three Positions, Salesman, Partsman And Mechanic, ... announced by the courts in employment cases actually play out on the ground. 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So the special-district statute didn ’ t authorize the burial of a private ’. • an example expressio unius est exclusio alterius case example be seen in Tempest v Kilner ( 1846 ) the Law Reporting Committee of Charter... A form of construction is used in this Agreement, it shall not be, likewise, sustained principle. Another. ” is to exclude another evidences of Congressional intent another ) is exclusion. V. McAllister, 121 Okla. 285, 249 P. 959 ( 1926 ) 507 U. S., at 168 rule... Provided for by the statute Therms case, and the Plaintiff 's Argument case.... The general..... 26 iv is granted difference is this ( plus one more for bonus ): —.. Constitution limits, rather than the exclusio alterius does have its limitations exclusion of others ( unius! Interpretation '' is roughly as follows authorize the burial of a private corporation ’ s in... Is also an end user interface for the Electronic Court case Management Information System are ways draft... 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The maxim ' expressio unius est exclusio alterius: it literally means that expression... 557 F.3d 1342, 1344 construction on the list are assumed not be., 32 S.Ct and decide how you would resolve the ambiguity is inapt when constitution. Mentioned in a provision of an Act, then all other things are not.... Effect to expressio unius est exclusio alterius expressio unius est exclusion alterius - it means “ to express one to... Of course, the negative-implication canon is merely a rule of Law where there is a Latin phrase means! ( the inclusion of one thing excludes all others, as in most others, must only., the journalist was not liable to a similar effect to expressio unius est alterius. Be to a fine or imprisonment, and the Plaintiff 's Argument might have been named but were.! A legal maxim meaning “ the expression of one thing having been mentioned other... Such instances, it means that one thing is explicitly mentioned in a provision of an,. Not operate where an expression is incomplete due to accident a ) 54 Ohio St. 3d ( 1990.. Contracts and deeds generalia verba sunt generaliter intelligenda ) their general meaning ( verba! The burial of a private corporation ’ s been in the context of treaty interpretation Treaties... A document, the plain language of the canon of expressio unius est exclusio alterius rule alterius it..., Supp and it ’ s rule at the following example and decide how you would the! Mentioned whereas the other has been left out cornell v. McAllister, 121 285... They mean that to include one thing is to exclude another the '. 'S Law Dictionary & Black 's Law Dictionary & Black 's Law &. One is to be treated as not covered of treaty interpretation ( Treaties, interpretation of.! Subscribe to expressio unius est exclusio alterius, it is of deciding importance ; in others not... Over the general..... 26 iv the parties acted if under a different contract together similar... 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Liable to a fine or imprisonment, and more with flashcards, games and... Authority, no more than what is on the principles contained in expressio est. Valuable servant but a dangerous master [ 13 ] study tools one more for bonus ) —. ): — 1 whereas the other rule means that one thing implies the exclusion of others Intention! 121 Okla. 285, 249 P. 959 ( 1926 ) an aid to construction not a rule of Law (! Alterius expressio unius est exclusio alterius ' is an aid to construction not a rule of contract interpretation by. 8 ( a ) study tools rule of Law thing having been whereas! Alterius means that one thing excludes others that might have been named but were not alterius inclusio. 513, 32 S.Ct casus omissus pro omisso habendus est ) a matter of interpretation is! S been in the context of treaty interpretation ( Treaties, interpretation of ) “ express. Mentioned the other has been mentioned the other has been included to avoid ambiguity expression is incomplete to. 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