The main portion of the neuron is the cell body. STUDY. Britten, in The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference, 2008. Neural adaptation is the change in neuronal responses due to preceding stimulation of the cell. Cell bodies contain the nucleus and other cellular compartments. The adaptations of a nerve cell are dendrites with receptor proteins, an axon, myelin, synaptic terminals and neurotransmitters. Types of Neurons (Nerve Cells) The human body is made up of trillions of cells. The neuron is the nerve cell. McCool, K.H. Myelin surrounding the axon of a neuron acts as an insulator. Protruding from the cell body are one or more short extensions called dendrites and one long extension called the axon. The nerves cells are rather long which enables communication with distant body parts. Nerve Cell Adaptation. - The synapses are adapted to pass impulses to other nerve cells using special neurotransmitters. PLAY. (Approximately 12 billion neurons exist in the human body, the great majority of them in the brain and spinal cord.) Cells of the nervous system, called nerve cells or neurons, are specialized to carry "messages" through an electrochemical process.The human brain has approximately 86 billion neurons. Cell Injury , Cell Death, and Adaptations Ch1. Nerve Cell Many nerve cells are of the basic type illustrated above. Nerve cells have very long axons being they can deliver messages for a longer time before passing it on to the next cell, which makes this process significantly faster. Neural adaptation or sensory adaptation is a gradual decrease over time in the responsiveness of the sensory system to a constant stimulus.It is usually experienced as a change in the stimulus. Nerve cells are made of cell bodies, axons and dendrites. 2.10.3.8 Adaptation. Etiology. Their job is to process information and maintain the nerve cell by producing proteins. Some kind of stimulus triggers an electric discharge of the cell which is analogous to the discharge of a capacitor.This produces an electrical pulse on the order of 50-70 millivolts called an action potential.The electrical impulse propagates down the fiber-like extension of the nerve cell (the axon). Muscle Cell Function. Their job is to carry information away from cell bodies. Nerve cells transmit electrical impulses around the body. C.H. The dendrites allow for communication with other neurons. Axons are long, threadlike structures covered with a layer of fat. For example, if a hand is rested on a table, the table's surface is immediately felt against the skin. Because adaptation effects are often profound at both the neural and perceptual levels, it has been widely used as a tool to probe the neuronal signals underlying perception. Answer (1 of 3): They have very long axons which can take the message a very long way before passing it onto the next cell, this makes it quicker. 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